Sea
Alan Kennedy:“There is a growing momentum behind a shift from airfreight to ocean freight (‘modal shift’) as pharma shippers seek to raise quality and lower costs. With the arrival of GDP-compliant small-consignment (LCL) services, with superior insurance arrangements now in place, and with a proven ability for the safe shipment of biologics and high-sensitivity medications, ocean freight should be the automatic default for the long-distance transportation of pharmaceuticals.”
Mark Edwards: “Ultimately most pharma manufacturers will need a combination of both sea and air but there is no doubt that they should set up their supply chains to move the majority by sea – with air being used only where absolutely necessary.”